ຂໍ້ມູນເພີ້ມເຕີມສຳລັບຕົ້ນກຳເນີດ ແລະ ວິວັດທະນາການຂອງເຂົ້າໜຽວ ຈາກການສຶກສາຄົ້ນຄວ້າ ໂດຍນັກວິທະຍາສາດຊາວອາເມລິກາ. ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ຂໍອະນຸຍາດຕັດເອົາບົດສຶກສາບາງຕອນ ຂອງເພິ່ນມາສະເໜີໃຫ້ບັນດາທ່ານຊາບ ຄືດັ່ງນີ້: "The evolutionary and geographical origins of glutinous rice have remained obscure. Because the glutinous phenotype is not detectable in the archeological record, the region of its earliest cultivation has not been documented. Efforts to trace its origins are further complicated by its long-standing cultural importance throughout a very wide geographical area in East Asia, which includes portions of China, Japan, Korea, and the countries of Southeast Asia. Laotian Buddhist legend places the origin of glutinous rice to 1100 years ago (TERWIEL 1994 ), although Chinese folklore indicates that it was in existence around the time of the death of the poet Qu Yuan >2000 years ago (XU 1992 )."
ຈາກຂໍ້ມູນຂ້າງເທີງ ທ່ານອາດສົ່ງໃສວ່າ ເຂົ້າໜຽວ ມີຕົ້ນກຳເນີດມາຈາກໃສແທ້. ຜ່ານການສຶກສາຂອງນັກວິທະຍາສາດ, ເພິ່ນສະຫຼຸບຄືດັ່ງນີ້: "Since glutinous rice haplotypes are apparently all derived from the progenitor haplotype (F), the geographical distribution of this nonglutinous progenitor should reveal the geographical origin of glutinous rice. Nine of the 12 accessions carrying haplotype F come from Southeast Asia, while the remaining 3 are from South Asia. This distribution is significantly different from that expected by chance (Table 3), and it is the preponderance of Southeast Asian haplotypes that accounts for the significant result ........Thus, the progenitor haplotype is found in highest frequency in Southeast Asia. This finding strongly suggests that the splice donor site mutation initially arose in Southeast Asia and was subsequently spread northward across East Asia.
Our finding of a Southeast Asian origin for glutinous rice is consistent with Asian cultural practices. While consumed throughout eastern Asia, only in Southeast Asia does glutinous rice attain the importance of a staple crop (GOLOMB 1976 ; RODER et al. 1996 ; RAO et al. 2002 ). Thus, for this trait the area of major cultivation coincides with the geographical origin of domestication. Ethnographic studies suggest that glutinous rice cultivation is associated with upland agriculture in mainland Southeast Asia, particularly among the Tai-speaking peoples who migrated to the region between 1100 and 1500 years ago (GOLOMB 1976 ; RODER et al. 1996 ). Indeed, 200,000 square miles of mainland Southeast Asia (encompassing portions of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam) are referred to as the "glutinous rice zone," reflecting the importance of this type of rice to the economy and culture of the area."
