Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva is confident China will do what it can to alleviate problems with falling water levels in the Mekong River.
Mr Abhisit said he trusted China would rise to the occasion if it was asked to help tackle the situation.
China has built dams along the Mekong River which could be depriving the lower reaches of the river of water.
Cargo barges cannot pass, forcing goods to be transported overland instead.
Mr Abhisit said the problems may be minimised through better management of water flow along the river.
He said China would not want other countries in the region to suffer from water shortages, which are expected to be particularly serious this year.
Experts, however, doubted upstream dams were to blame for the falling water levels.
They argued that the dams were not holding on to water, because they must release it to generate electricity.
Deputy Prime Minister Trairong Suwannakhiri said the Foreign Affairs Ministry should talk to China about the problems.
Mr Trairong said a severe drought which has hit northern parts of the country would hurt rice production.
The Rice Policy Committee is expected to meet on Wednesday to assess the extent of the damage and find measures to mitigate it. Drought is spreading to the far corners of the North where many natural water sources for livestock grazing have dried up.
A survey by the Agriculture and Cooperatives Ministry revealed that nationwide water reserves for farming have fallen 65%.
Some believe there will not be enough water to last the summer.
The Kasikorn Research Centre predicts the drought could cut growth by around 6% this year.
It could be the most severe drought to hit the agricultural sector in five years, with total damage projected in excess of six billion baht.
Hardest hit will be second-season rice outside the irrigated areas.
Water shortages could also set back tourism, resulting in losses of up to two billion baht during the high season, from now until the Songkran festival in the middle of next month.
Pisit Wantham, head of the Giant Catfish Club in Chiang Khong district of Chiang Rai, said the Mekong River level in some parts was the lowest he has seen it in 20 years.
The shallow water could hinder the spawning of giant catfish in the river. The fish start laying eggs in the next two months.
Suparb Kaewla-iad, chief of the fishery station in Chiang Rai, said giant catfish lay eggs in water that is at least 3m deep.
He dismissed concerns the shallow river would inhibit spawning and drive the catfish to extinction.
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